If the volume of an audio oscillator is modulated with an LFO, the result is tremolo. Also, when you add it to the control input of a VCO it produces the effect known as vibrato. One common application is modulating the pitch of an audio oscillator with an LFO this results in vibrato. Producers use these slowly vibrating, generally subsonic waves (0 – 20 Hz or so) to modulate or change a parameter in a synth, sampler, or effects processor.
Simply stated, LFO is an oscillator producing these waveforms at a very low frequency or pitch. Therefore, an LFO with voltage control over the frequency is sometimes referred to as a “VCLFO”. It may or may not have voltage control over its frequency or other wave parameters. The most useful ones have an upper-frequency limit above 100 Hz and a lower limit below 1 Hz. It can generate a variety of useful waveforms, including sine, triangle, square, ramp-up, and ramp-down. LFO is useful for producing a repeating control signal for a wide variety of purposes. More recently, other electronic musical instruments, such as samplers and software synthesizers, have included LFOs to increase their sound alteration capabilities. LFOs have since appeared in some form on almost every synthesizer. This effect was often accidental, so there were a lot of configurations that could be ‘patched’ by the synth operator.
Modular synths of the 1960s and 70s first introduced low-frequency oscillation as a concept. Moreover, an LFO or a modulation generator does not necessarily deliver a periodic signal but can also be a one-shot type such an envelope generator started by a keypress event. Nearly all synthesizers have at least one LFO or a digital equivalent. What’s more, the abbreviation LFO often refers to low-frequency oscillators themselves. It creates a rhythmic pulse or sweep and is often used to modulate synthesizers, delay lines, and other audio equipment to create effects used in the production of electronic music. LFO or Low-frequency oscillation is an electronic frequency which is usually below 20 Hz or at the bottom of the audio range.
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